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July 1924

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July 1, 1924: U.S. Post Office Department begins day-and-night air mail service
July 5–27, 1924: Summer Olympics held at Paris
July 5–28, 1924: Brazilian Army bombards São Paulo after rebels seize the city

The following events occurred in July 1924:

July 1, 1924 (Tuesday)

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July 2, 1924 (Wednesday)

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  • Portugal's Prime Minister Álvaro de Castro fought a sword duel with Flight Captain Teófilo José Ribeiro da Fonseca over a political dispute. Captain Ribiero was wounded in the arm.[6]
  • Inventor Guglielmo Marconi addressed the Royal Society of Arts in London describing his new beam system of short-wave wireless transmission. Marconi said this system could transmit more words per day between distant countries than was possible before, and more economically as well, resulting in a general reduction in telegraphic rates.[7]
  • Italian border patrollers shot and killed two Serbian soldiers and wounded a civilian bystander at the Serbian boundary line.[8]

July 3, 1924 (Thursday)

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July 4, 1924 (Friday)

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July 5, 1924 (Saturday)

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July 6, 1924 (Sunday)

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Plutarco Elías

July 7, 1924 (Monday)

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Calvin Coolidge Jr.
  • Calvin Coolidge Jr., the 16-year-old son of the President of the United States, died at 10:30 in the morning from sepsis caused by an infection on his foot, developed from blisters after having played a game of tennis on the White House grounds a week earlier. The president and Mrs. Coolidge were at their son's bedside.[23]
  • The Philippine Scout Mutiny broke out at Fort William McKinley near Manila, as Filipino members of the U.S. Army, who received lesser pay than the American troops. The rebellion was quickly suppressed by the 23rd Infantry Brigade of the U.S. Army's Philippine Division, commanded by Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur, and 200 of the mutineers were arrested. MacArthur's subsequent attempts to improve the pay and working conditions of Filipino soldiers and officers were unsuccessful.[24]
  • British track athlete Harold Abrahams, an English Jew who faced anti-Semitic prejudice, won the 100 meter sprint at the Summer Olympics in Paris.[25] His friend Eric Liddell, a Scottish Christian missionary, had not entered the 100m dash because he had refused to run on a Sunday, the day of the qualifying heats. Abrahams, whose story was profiled in the Academy Award winning 1981 film Chariots of Fire, finished in 10.6 seconds, one-tenth of a second ahead of the heavily-favored entrant from the U.S., Jackson Scholz.
  • New York Governor Alfred E. Smith passed former Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo on the 87th ballot at the Democratic National Convention, with 361½ to McAdoo's 333½ before the convention adjourned early out of respect for the President. Neither candidate had 729 votes, the two-thirds majority necessary to be nominated.[26]
  • Born:

July 8, 1924 (Tuesday)

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  • At the Democratic National Convention, delegates divided between Alfred E. Smith (who had moved into the front after the 86th ballot) and former frontrunner William G. McAdoo. After a recess following the 93rd ballot, Smith offered to take his name out of contention if McAdoo would do the same. Indiana U.S. Senator Samuel M. Ralston in third place, released his delegates, but McAdoo refused the Smith offer before it could be announced on the floor of the convention. On the 94th ballot, McAdoo took the lead again with 395 over 364.5 for Smith, with John W. Davis moving into third place.[28] Balloting continued past midnight until an adjournment at 4:00 a.m.
  • The Communist International in Moscow condemned the U.S. Immigration Act and passed a resolution advocating unrestricted worldwide immigration.[29]
  • Died: Walter R. Allman, 40, American comic strip artist who wrote and drew The Doings of the Duffs from its launch in 1914 until 1923, when he suffered a nervous breakdown.[30]

July 9, 1924 (Wednesday)

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Obscure Democrat nominee John W. Davis

July 10, 1924 (Thursday)

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Paavo Nurmi

July 11, 1924 (Friday)

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July 12, 1924 (Saturday)

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  • Harold Osborn of the U.S. won the men's decathlon at the Summer Olympics in Paris, finishing ahead of 35 other competitors. Osborn finish first in the 100m dash, the high jump, and the 110m hurdles, and in second place in the long jump and the pole vault.[42]
  • Paavo Nurmi won the 10,000m cross-country race at the Olympics and then helped to win another gold medal for Finland in the team event. The races were held in blistering heat of 45 degrees Celsius; cross-country races were never an event at the Olympics again because of the number of runners collapsing from heat exhaustion.[21]
  • Driving at 146.16 miles per hour (235.22 km/h) in his Fiat Mephistopheles, Ernest Eldridge of Great Britain broke the land speed record of 145.89 miles per hour (234.79 km/h) set earlier in the week (on Sunday, July 6) by Rene Thomas of France. Both records had been set on a public road at Arpajon, after which the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile announced that it would only recognize records set on closed racing circuits, bringing an end to attempts to set a land speed record on a roadway used by other motor vehicles.[citation needed]
  • The airmen attempting to be the first to fly around the world landed in Bucharest from Constantinople.[43]
  • U.S. President Calvin Coolidge recorded speech on Phonofilm, funded by the Republican National Committee, to be shown to voters in advance of the 1924 U.S. presidential election.[44]
  • The original trademark application for Kleenex was filed by Kimberly-Clark Corporation.[45]

July 13, 1924 (Sunday)

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July 14, 1924 (Monday)

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July 15, 1924 (Tuesday)

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  • The British and Italian governments signed an agreement on the Jubba River in Africa as the British ceded their territory on the northern side;[51] it became Italian Trans-Juba.
De Valera

July 16, 1924 (Wednesday)

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  • The first major nationwide news story in the U.S. about a tall, hairy "apeman" that walked upright, in the Pacific Northwest was published in The Oregonian, the largest circulation newspaper in Portland, Oregon, and then picked up by the Associated Press.[56] In 1958, the mysterious creature would first be described as "Bigfoot" because of the large footprints observed after a sighting in northern California.[57]
  • The London Reparations Conference opened to arrange for the implementation of the Dawes Plan.[51]
  • The airmen trying to make the first aerial circumnavigation of the globe flew from Paris to London.[37]

July 17, 1924 (Thursday)

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July 18, 1924 (Friday)

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  • U.S. Vice Consul to Iran Robert Imbrie was beaten to death by an angry mob in Tehran after he photographed a gathering at a sacred watering place where a miracle was said to have taken place. Police were slow to help because they were intimidated by the soldiers of the Cossack Brigade, the real authority in Iran, who were participating in the attack. American oilman Melvin Seymour was also badly beaten in the attack but survived.[61][62]

July 19, 1924 (Saturday)

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July 20, 1924 (Sunday)

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July 21, 1924 (Monday)

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Knotts

July 22, 1924 (Tuesday)

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  • Paris Olympics organizer Pierre de Coubertin lashed back at criticism of the games, calling the Paris press guilty of "magnifying the unpleasant incidents instead of fulfilling its duty and educating the people to a big sport ideal." He also said it was "idiotic" of the French government to build Colombes Stadium so far outside of Paris without the proper transportation facilities. Some of the unfortunate incidents referred to included the French booing of the American flag at a rugby match and complaints over accommodations in the tennis tournament.[76]
  • Japan passed an amendment to its Nationality Law so that Japanese children born in the United States and other jus soli countries would automatically lose their Japanese nationality unless it was expressly retained within 14 days of birth. The amendment also allowed dual citizens in those countries to easily renounce their Japanese citizenship.[77]
  • Died: Albert Bruce-Joy, 81, Irish sculptor

July 23, 1924 (Wednesday)

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July 24, 1924 (Thursday)

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July 25, 1924 (Friday)

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  • A new Norwegian government was sworn in under Prime Minister Johan Ludwig Mowinckel following the resignation of the previous cabinet two days earlier.[83]
  • The new issue of Workers' Weekly, the newspaper of the Communist Party of Great Britain, included a provocative article entitled "An Open Letter to the Fighting Forces" which included passages such as, "Neither in a class war nor in a military war, will you turn your guns on your fellow workers", and, "Turn your weapons on your oppressors." The question of whether to charge editor J. R. Campbell with incitement to mutiny became a controversial issue known as the Campbell Case.[84][85]
  • Greece announced it was expelling 50,000 Armenians from the country.[52]
  • American League president Ban Johnson ordered umpires to speed up baseball games by cutting short trivial arguments about balls and strikes as well as preventing players from taking too much time inspecting balls on suspicion they had been tampered with.[86]
  • Born: Frank Church, U.S. Senator for Idaho; in Boise, Idaho (d. 1984)[87]
  • Died: Azem Galica, 34, Albanian nationalist and rebel who fought for the unification of Kosovo with Albania, died of wounds sustained in fighting soldiers of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, bringing about the collapse of the ethnic Albanian rebellion.[88]

July 26, 1924 (Saturday)

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July 27, 1924 (Sunday)

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  • The closing ceremonies of the Summer Olympics were conducted at Colombes Stadium in Paris.[94] The United States led the final medal count with 45 gold medals.
  • Lieutenant Doxakis, a Greek Army officer in charge of enforcing martial law in the Kato Nevrokopi region on the border of Bulgaria, carried out the massacre of 17 Bulgarian peasants arrested in the village of Tarlis (now Vathytopos), near the Greco-Bulgarian border. Lieutenant Doxakis told his commander that their 10-soldier unit had come under attack from Bulgarian guerrillas and that they were forced to kill the prisoners who were attempting to escape.[95]
  • The first Stånga Games were held on the Swedish island of Gotland as an annual competition of traditional Swedish Gothic sports, including pärk, a team game similar to a cross between baseball and football; varpa, similar to horseshoe pitching; Herre på stång (a fight between two men on a pole) and three variations of tug of war.[96]
  • Born:
  • Died: Ferruccio Busoni, 58, Italian pianist and composer

July 28, 1924 (Monday)

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July 29, 1924 (Tuesday)

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July 30, 1924 (Wednesday)

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July 31, 1924 (Thursday)

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References

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